Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an noted aerospace scientist, who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He worked as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and militarymissile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low-cost coronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent". In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rura l areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet". In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme of defeating corruption. Kalam waselected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the opposition Indian National Congress and was widely referred to as the "People's President”. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna. While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died on 27 July 2015, at the age of 83
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