Government bodies in India 

1) Constitutional body :

• The body that is mentioned in the original constitution of India. It derives their powers and authorities from the Indian Constitution.

• They are specifically mentioned in the Constitution, meaning they have dedicated articles.

• Any change in the mechanism of these bodies would require a constitutional amendment.

• Examples: Election commission (Art. 324), UPSC (Art.315 - 323), Finance commission (Art.280) etc.

2) Statutory body :

• It's not mentioned in the original constitution of India.

• It's created by an "Act of Parliament".

• They are called 'statutory' since statutes are laws made by the Parliament (or) the legislature.[statute - a written law passed by a legislative body].

• These bodies derive their power from statutes or laws made by the Parliament, they are known as statutory bodies.

• Examples : SEBI [through SEBI Act, 1992], NGT [through NGT Act, 2010], etc.

3) Executive body :

• These bodies are non-constitutional and non-statutory. They are not mentioned in the Constitution & also not established by an act of Parliament.

• They are formed by executive resolution or action, which means that they are formed by the government’s action only.

• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is not a constitutional body because it was established in 1963 by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

• It's also called as Non-Constitutional bodies or Extra Constitutional bodies.

• They can be converted into a statutory body by enacting a law. For example, the UIDAI was made into a statutory body after it was established by enacting a new law.

• Examples : NITI Aayog, CBI, etc.

4) Regulatory body :

• Regulatory bodies are public or government agencies responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity.

• Some regulatory bodies are independent, which means they are independent of any branch of the government.

• They are set up to enforce safety and standards.

• They have the charge of establishing norms of a particular area of human activity, and also supervising the bodies employed in that activity.

• They are established by legislative acts.

• Examples : RBI (Banking, monetary policy and finance), IRDAI (Insurance), etc.

5) Judicial body :

• Judicial bodies are courts in India. Their chief objective is to provide justice by following the laws of the land.

• Examples : Supreme Court of India, High courts.

6) Quasi-Judicial body :

• A quasi-judicial body can be an individual or body with powers resembling a court of law.

• They can adjudicate and decide penalties on the guilty.

• They are different from judicial bodies its field is limited compared to a court.

• They can be formed on a matter pending in court, by court order if the court considers it necessary; the court reserves the right to appoint members of such a body.

• They can be tribunals for a specific domain, or like an arbitrator.

• Judicial decisions may create new laws, but quasi-judicial decisions are based on existing law.

• Examples : NGT, SEBI, NHRC, etc.