Ashoka: 273 BC – 232 BC

 Bindusara: 298 BC – 273 BC 

 Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by his son Bindusara. 

 Bindusara, known to the Greeks as Amitrochates (derived from the Sanskrit word Amitraghata i.e. salyers of foes), is said to have carried his arms to the Deccan (upto Mysore). 

 Bindusara asked Antiochus I of Syria to send some sweet wine, dried figs and a sophist, Antiochus I sent wine and figs but politely replied that Greek philosophers are not for sale. 

 Bindusara patronized Ajivikas. 

Ashoka: 273 BC – 232 BC 

 It appears from the available evidence (Buddhist literature mainly) that there was a struggle for the throne among the princes on the death or Bindusara. 

 According to Buddhist tradition. Ashoka usurped the throne after killing his 99 brothers and spared Tissa, the youngest one. Radhagupta, a minister of Bindusara helped him in fratricidal struggle. 

 This war of succession accounts for interregnum of four years (273-269 BC), and only after securing his position on the throne, Ashoka had himself formally crowned in 269 BC. 

 Under Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire reached its climax. For the first time, the whole of the sub-continent, leaving out the extreme south, was under imperial control. 

 Ashoka fought the Kalinga war in 261 BC in 9th years of his coronation. The king was moved by the massacre in this war and therefore abandoned the policy of physical occupation in favour of policy of cultural conquest. In other words, Bherighosa was replaced by Dhammaghosa. 

 Ashoka was not an extreme pacifist. He did not pursue the policy of peace for sake of peace under all conditions. Thus, he retained Kalinga after his conquest and incorporated it into his empire. 

 Ashoka sent missionaries to the kingdoms of the Cholas and the Pandyas, and five states ruled by Greek kings (Antiochus ii, Syria; Philadelphos Ptolemy II, Egypt; Antigonus, Mecedonia; Maggus, Syrina; Alexander, Epirus). We also know that he sent missionaries to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Suvarnbhumi (Burna) and also parts of South-East Asia. 

Ashoka’s Dhamma 

 Ahoka’s Dhamma cannot be regarded as a sectarian faith. Its broad objective was to preserve the social order it ordained that people should obey their parents, pay respect to Brahmanas and Buddhist monks and show mercy to slaves and servants.

 He held that if people behaved well they would attain Swarga (heaven). He did never say that they would attain Nirvana, which was the goal of Buddhist teachings.